![]() Accordingly, alternative biotechnological approaches have been researched for overcoming the shortcomings: microbial fermentation using microorganisms with tyrosinase, tyrosine phenol-lyase, or p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase activity and enzymatic conversion by immobilized tyrosinase. However, the asymmetric synthesis shows critical limitations such as a poor conversion rate and a low enantioselectivity. ![]() Since Monsanto developed the commercial process for L-DOPA synthesis for the first time, most of currently supplied L-DOPA has been produced by the asymmetric method, especially asymmetric hydrogenation. ![]() L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl- L-alanine) has been widely used as a drug for Parkinson's disease caused by deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Min, Kyoungseon Park, Kyungmoon Park, Don-Hee Yoo, Young Je Overview on the biotechnological production of L-DOPA.
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